Unit-I
Nuclear Interactions and Nuclear Reactions: Nucleon-
nucleon interaction- Exchange forces & tensor forces,
Meson theory and nuclear forces, Nucleon-nucleon scattering –
Effective range theory, Spin dependence of nuclear forces –
Charge independence and charge symmetry of nuclear forces, Isospin
formalism, Yukawa interaction.
Unit-II
Direct and compound nuclear reaction mechanisms – Cross
sections in terms of partial wave amplitude – Compound nucleus
– Scattering matrix – Reciprocity theorem
Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model, Bohr – Wheeler
theory of fission, Experimental evidence for shell effects –
Shell model – Spin – orbital coupling – Magic
numbers.
Unit-III
Angular momenta and parities of nuclear ground states, Qualitative
discussion and estimates of transition rates – Magnetic
moments and Schmidt lines – Collective model of Bohr Mottelson.
Nuclear decay: Beta decay – Fermi theory of beta
decay – Shape of the beta spectrum – Total decay rate
– Angular momentum and parity selection rules – Comparative
half – lives – Allowed and forbidden transitions –
Selection rules – Parity violation –
Unit-IV
Two component theory of neutrino decay – Detection and properties
of neutrino – Gamma decay – Multipole transitions
in nuclei – Angular momentum and parity selection rules
– Internal conversion – Nuclear isomerism.
Unit-V
Elementary particle physics: Types of interaction between
elementary particles – Hadrons and leptons – Symmetry
and conservation laws – Elementry ideas of CP and CPT invariance
– Classification of hadrons – Lie algebra, SU(2) –
SU(3) multiplets – Quark model – Gell – Mann
– Okubo formula for octet and decuplet hadrons – Charm,
Bottom and tom quarks.
Text and reference Books
- Bohr and B.R. Mottelson, Nuclear Structure, Vol.1(1969) and
Vol 2, Benjamin, Reading, A. 1975
- Kenneth S. Kiane, Introductory Nuclear Physics, Wiley, New
Yark, 1988
- Ghoshal, Atomic and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 2.
- P.H. Perkins, Introduction to high Energy Physics, Addison-Wesley,
London, 1982.
- Shirokov Yudin, Nuclear Physics Vol. 1 & 2, Mir Publishers,
Moscow, 1982.
- D. Griffiths, Introduction to Elementary Particles, Harper
and Row, New York, 1987.
- F.A. Enge, Introduction to Nuclear Physics, Addison-Wesley,
1975
- G.E. Brown and A.D. Jackson, Nucleon interaction, North-Holland,
Amsterdam, 1976.
- S.de Benedetti, Nuclear interaction, John Wiley & Sons,
NY, 1964
- M.K. Pal, Theory of nuclear structure, Affiliated East, Madras,
1982.
- Y.R. Waghmare, Introductory nuclear physics, Oxford –
IBH, Bombay, 1981.
- J.M. Longo, Elementary particles, Mc-Grow-Hill, NY, 1971.
- R.D. Evans, Atomic nucleus Mc-Grow-Hill, NY, 1955
- Kapaln, Nuclear Physics, 2nd addition, Narosa, Madras, 1989.
- B.L. Cohen, Concepts of nuclear physics, TMGH, Bombay. 1071.
- R.R. Roy and B.P. Nigam, Nuclear physics, Wiley – Eastern
Ltd., 1983.
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XI (Special)
CondensED matter physics-I
Unit-I
Lattice dynamics and optical properties of solids: Inter-atomic
forces and lattice dynamics of simple metals, Ionic and covalent
crystals, Optical phonons and dielectric constants, Inelastic
neutron scattering.
Unit-II
Mossbauer effect, Debye-Waller factor, Anharmonicity, thermal
expansion and thermal conductivity. Interaction of electrons and
phonons with photons. Direct and indirect transitions.
Unit-III
Absorption in insulators, Polaritons, one-phonon absorption, optical
properties of metals, skin effect and anomalous skin effect. Interaction
of electrons with acoustic and optical phonons.
Unit-IV
Superconductivity: Manifestations of energy gap. Cooper pairing
due to phonons, BCS theory of superconductivity, Ginzsburg-Landau
theory and application to Josephson effect: d-c Josephson effect,
a-c Josephson effect.
Unit-V
Macroscopic quantum interference. Vortices and type II superconductors,
high temperature superconductors.
Text and Reference Books
- Medelung – Introduction to solid state theory
- Callaway – Quantum theory of Solid state
- Huang – Theoretical solid state physics
- Kittel- Quantum theory of solids.
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XII (Special)
Electronics-I
Unit-I
Operational Amplifiers: Differential amplifier circuit configuration
dual input balance out put differential amplifier, dc analysis,
ac analysis, inverting and non-inverting inputs, CMRR, constant
current bias level translator, Block diagram of a typical operational
amplifier, analysis, open loop configuration, inverting and non-inverting
amplifiers, operational amplifier with negative feedback, voltage
sires feedback, effect of feedback on close loop gain, input resistance
output resistance bandwidth and output offset voltage, voltage
follower,
Unit-II
Practical operational amplifier, input offset voltage, input bias
current, input off set current, total output off set voltage,
CMRR, frequency response, dc and ac amplifier, summing, scaling
and averaging amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, integrator
and differentiator.
Oscillators principles- oscillator types, frequency stability,
response, The phase shift oscillator, Wein bridge oscillator,
LC tunable oscillator, multi-vibrators, mono-stable and astable,
comparators, square wave and triangular wave generators, Voltage
regulators, fixed regulators, and adjustable voltage regulators,
switching regulators.
Unit-III
Communication electronics: Amplitude modulation, generation
of AM waves, demodulation of AM waves, DS BSC modulation, generation
of DSBSC waves, coherent detection of DSBSC wave, SSB modulation,
generation and detection of SSB waves, Vestigial sideband modulation,
frequency division multiplexing (FDM).
Unit-IV
Digital Electronics: Combinational logic, A transistor
as switch, OR, AND and NOT gates, NOR and NAND gates, Boolean
algebra, De Morgan’s, theorem, Exclusive OR gate, Decoder/demultiplexer,
Data selector/ multiplexer, Encoder
Sequential logic: Flip flops, 1 bit memory, the RS flip flop,
JK flip-flop, JK master slave flip-flop, T flip-flop, D, flip-flop,
Shift registers, synchronous and asynchronous counters, Cascade
counters.
Unit-V
Microprocessor: Introduction to microcomputers, Memory,
input-output devices, interfacing devices. 8085 CPU, architecture,
bus timing, de-multiplexing, the address bus, generating control
signals, instruction set, addressing modes, illustrative programmes,
assembly language programmes, looping, counting and indexing,
counters and timing delay, stack and sub-routings.
Text and Reference Books.
- Electronic devices and circuit theory: Robort Boylested and
L. Nashdsky (PHI, New Delhi)
- OP-Amps and linear integrated circuits : Ramakanth A. Gayakwad
(PHI 2nd Edn)
- Digital principles and Applications: A.P. Malvino and D.P.
Laach (Tata Ma-Graw Hill)
- Microprocessor architecture, programming and Application with
8085/8086: Ramesh S. Gaonkar (Wiley-Estern)
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XIII (Special)
Atomic and molecular physics-I
Basic principles of interaction of spin and applied magnetic field-concepts
of NMR spectroscopy-concepts of spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation,
Chemical shift, Spin-spin coupling between two and more nuclei
(qualitative) experimental set up CW.
Unit-II
NMR spectrometer, Chemical analysis using NMR., Mossbauer effect-Recoil
less emission of gamma rays, Chemical shift,
Unit-III
Magnetic hyperfine interaction, experimental setup. Electron spin
resonance, Effects of LS coupling fine and hyperfine structure,
g values, Simple experimental setup.
Unit-IV
Time dependence in quantum mechanics, Time dependent perturbation
theory, Rate expression for emission, Perturbation theory calculation
of polarisability, Quantum mechanical expression for emission
rate, Time correlation function and spectral Fourier transform
pair.
Unit-V
Properties of time correlation functions and spectral time shape,
Fluctuation dissipation theorem, Rotational correlation function
and pure rotational spectra, Re-orientational spectroscopy of
liquids.
Text and Reference Books
Molecular Spectroscopy: - Jeane L. McHale
- Molecular Quantum Mechanics- P.W. Alkins and R.S. Fridman
- Mossbauer spectroscopy- M.R. Bhide
- NMR and Chemistry- J.W. Akitt
- Structutal Methodsd in inorganic chemistry, E.A.V. Ebsworth,
D.W.H. Rankin, S. Crdock.
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XIV (Special)
nuclear and particle physics -I
The nucleon-nucleon interaction and nuclear radiation
detection
Unit-I
The nucleon-nucleon interaction: Nucleon-nucleon
interaction and hadron structure: phenomenological nucleon –
nucleon potentials- Meson-theory-derivation of Yukawa interaction
– Electromagnetic properties of deuteron-polarization in
nucleon- nucleon scattering – Scattering matrix-Probing
charge distribution with electrons – Form factor- Proton
form factors- Deep inelastic electron-proton scattering –
Bjorken scaling and partons- Quarks within the protons- Gluons
as mediators of strong interaction.
Unit-II
Particle phenomenology: Pion- nucleon scattering-Isospin analysis,
Phase shifts- Resonance and their quantum numbers- Production
and formation experiments, Relativistic kinematics and invariants-
Mandelstam variables- Phase space- Decay of one particle into
three particles- Dalitz plot.
Unit-III
Nuclear radiation detectors: Ionization
radiation: Ionization and transport phenomenon in gases –
Avalanche multiplication
Detector properties: Detection- energy measurement-Position
measurement- Time measurement
Gas Counters: Ionization chambers- Proportional counters-
Multiwire proportional counters – Geiger-Muller counters-
Neutron detectors
Unit-IV
Solid state detectors: Semiconductor detectors –
Integrating solid state devices- Surface barrier detectors
Scintillation counters: Organic and inorganic scintillators-
Theory, characteristics and detection efficiency-
Unit-V
High energy particle detectors: General principles –
Nuclear emulsion- Cloud chambers- Bubble chambers- Cerenkov counter
Nuclear electronics: Analog and digital pulses- Signal
pulses- Transient effects in RC circuit- Pulse shaping- Linear
amplifiers- Pulse height discriminators- Single channel analyser-
Multichannel analyser
Text and reference Books.
- G. E. Brown and A.D. Jackson- Nucleon-nucleon interaction,
North Holland (Amsterdam) 1976
- S. de Benedetti, Nuclear interaction, John Willey and Sons,
NY, 1964
- P. Marmier and E. Sheldon, Physics and nuclei and particles
Vol I and II, Academic press, NY 1970.
- H.A. Enge , Introduction to nuclear physics, Addison-Wesley,
1975
- S.S. Kapoor and V.S. Ramamurthy, Nuclear radiation detectors,
Wiley –Eastern, New Delhi, 1986.
- W.H. , Radiation detection Butterworths, London 1980
- W.J. Price, Nuclear radiation detection, Mc Graw Hill,
NY 1964.
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XV (Special)
Informatics-I
(Materials and Data Communication)
Unit-I
Semiconductor Quantum structures, Hetero-structures, Mismatch
Hetero-structures, Coherently Strained structures, Partially relaxed
strained layer structures, Methods of formation Hetero-structures,
Some of the examples of h Hetero-structures.
Unit-II
Bandgap engineering, Strained layer epitaxy, Light emitting diodes,
Etched well surface emitting LED, Continuous operation lasers
Hetero-quantum lasers, CW Hetero-quantum laser, Stripe Geometry.
Unit-III
Fourier series and transforms and their applications to data communication.
Introduction to probability and random variables. Introduction
to information theory and queuing theory.
Unit-IV
Introduction and evolution of telecommunication, Fundamentals
of electronic communication: Wired, Wireless, Satellite and optical
fiber, Analog/digital, Serial/parallel, Simplex’half and
full duplex, Synchronous/Asynchronous, Bit/baud rates, Parity
and error control (CRC, LRC, ARQ,, etc), Signal to noise ratio,
etc.
Unit-V
Transmission types, coded, modes, speed and throughput. Modulation
types, techniques and standards. Base band and carrier communication,
Detection, Interference, Noise signals and their characterization,
phase locked loops. Modems, Transmission media (guided &
unguided), Common interface standards.
Text and Reference Books.
1. Data communication : Reid and Bartskor
2. Data Network : Gallager
3. Data Communication : William Stalling
4. Communication networks: Leon-Garcia and Widjaja
5. Introduction to communication system : S. Haykins
6. Analog and Digital Communication : S. Haykins
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XVI (Special)
Materials Science-I
Unit-I
Equilibrium and Kinetics: Stability and metastability,
Basic thermodynamic functions, Statistical nature of entropy,
Kinetics of thermally activated process.
Basics of Phase diagrams: The phase rule,
free energy composition diagram, correlation between free energy
and phase diagram, calculation of phase boundaries, thermodynamics
of solutions.
Unit-II
Phase diagrams: Single component system (water), two component
system containing two phases and three phases, Binary phase diagrams
having intermediate phases, Binary phase diagrams with eutectic
system. Lever principle, maximum, minimum, super lattice, miscibility
gap, microstructure changes during cooling, application to zone
refining.
Unit-III
Phase transformations: Time scale for phase changes, peritectic
reaction, eutectoide and eutectic transformations, order disorder
transformation, transformation diagrams, dendritic structure in
alloys, transformation on heating and cooling, grain size effect
on rate of transformation at constant temperature and on continuous
cooling, grain size effect on rate of transformation, nucleation
kinetics, growth kinetics, interface kinetics leading to the crystal
growth.
Unit-IV
Diffusion in solids: Fick’s laws and their solutions,
the Kirkendall effect, mechanism of diffusion, temperature dependence
of diffusion co-efficient, self diffusion, interstitial diffusion,
the Snoek effect in diffusion, diffusion in ionic crystals, diffusion
path other than the crystal lattice, thermal vibrations and activation
energy, diffusion of carbon in iron.
Unit- V
Preparative methods: Solid State reaction, epitaxy,
topotaxy, examples of solid state reactions, BaTiO3, Li4SiO4,
YBa2Cu3O7, Na b/b’ alumina.
Sol-gel methods- synthesis of MgAl2O4 – synthesis
of silica glass - spinning of alumina fibers -preparation of indium
tin oxide (ITO) and other coating – Fabrication of YSZ ceramics
– preparation of alumina based abrasives.
Use of homogeneous, single source precursors – Hydrothermal
synthesis – Intercalation and deintercalation – vapor
phase transport – Combustion synthesis – Crystal growth
techniques – High pressure methods.
Reference and Text Books:
- Vanvellak: Materials Science.
- V. Raghvan: Materials Science,
- D. Kingery : Introduction to ceramics.
- R.E. Reedhil: Physical metallurgy.
- Martin Start Sharger: Introductory materials.
- Sinnot: Solid state for engineers.
- Kelly and Groves: Crystal and defects.
- Kittel: Solid state physics, Vth edition.
- Introduction to solid state theory: Modelung
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XVII (Special)
X-Ray-I
(Spectroscopy)
Unit-I
Continuous and Characteristic X-rays: Various types of demountable
and sealed X-ray tubes. Production of X-rays. Efficiency of X-ray
production. Continuous and characteristic X-ray spectra. X-ray
emission from thick and thin targets. Basics of high-tension
circuits and vacuum systems used for the operation of X-ray tubes.
Unit-II
Isochromats: Principles of bremsstrahlung and characteristic
isochromats.
Synchrotron radiation: Production and properties of radiation
from storage rings, Insertion devices. Pelletron as source of
X-rays.
Unit-III
Absorption of X-rays and X-ray Fluorescence:
Absorption of X-rays. Physical process of X-ray absorption.
Measurement of X-ray absorption coefficients. Units of dose and
intensity. Radiography. Microradiography and their applications.
X-ray fluorescence. Auger effect. Fluorescence yield. X-ray fluorescence
analysis and its applications. Techniques and applications of
Auger electron spectroscopy, Photoelectron spectroscopy, Proton
induced X-ray emission, Electron probe micro analyser.
Unit-IV
X-ray Spectroscopy: Experimental techniques of wavelength
and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Bragg and double crystal
spectrographs. Focusing spectrographs. Tangential incidence grating
spectrographs. Dispersion and resolving power of spectrographs,
Photographic and other methods of detection and measurement, Resolving
power of detectors.
Unit-V
X-ray emission and absorption spectra. Energy level diagram. Dipole
and forbidden lines, Satellite lines and their origin, Regular
and irregular doublets. Relative intensity of X-ray lines.
Reference and Text Books:
- A.H. Compton and S.K. Allison: X-rays in Theory and Experiment
- G.L. Clark: Applied X-rays
- Sproull: X-rays
- J.A. Nielsen and D. Mc Morrow: Elements of Modern X-ray Physics
- A.G. Michette and C.J. Buckley: X-ray Science and Technology
- M.A. Blokhin: X-ray Spectroscopy
- B.K. Agarwal: X-ray Spectroscopy
- E.P. Bertin: Principles and Practice of X-ray Spectrometric
Analysis
- L.V. Azaroff: X-ray Spectroscopy
- C. Bonnelle and C. Mande: Advances in X-ray Spectroscopy
- D.C. Koningsberger and R. Prins: X-ray Absorption Principles,
Applications, Techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS and XANES
- N.F.M. Henry, H. Lipson and W.A. Wooster: The interpretation
of X-ray Diffraction Photographs
- K. Lonsdale: Crystals and X-rays
- B.D. Cullity: Elements of X-ray Diffraction
- M.M. Woollfson: X-ray Crystallography
- M.J. Buerger: X-ray Crystallography
- C. Kunz: Synchrotron Radiation
- Bacon: Neutron Physics
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XVIII (Special)
Condensed Matter Physics-II
Unit-I
Crystal Physics and X-ray Crystallography: External symmetry
elements of crystals. Concept of point group. Influence of symmetry
on physical properties; Electrical conductivity. Space groups,
derivation of equivalent point positions (with examples from triclinic
systems), experimental determination of space group.
Unit-II
Principle of powder diffraction method, interpretation of powder
photographs, Analytical indexing, Ito’s method accurate
determination of lattice parameters, Least squares method, Application
of powder method, Oscillations and Buerger’s precession
methods, Determination of relative structure amplitudes from measured
intensities (Lorentz and polarization factor), Fourier representation
of electron density, The phase problem, Patterson function.
Unit-III
Exotic solids: Structure and symmetries of liquids, liquid
crystal and amorphous solids, aperiodic solids and quasicrystals,
Fibonaccy sequence, Penrose lattices and their extension to three
dimentions.
Unit-IV
Special carbon solids, Fullerenes, tubules, formation characterization
of fullerenes and tubules, Single wall and multi-wall carbon tubules,
electronic properties of tubules, Carbon nano-tubules based electronic
devices, Definition of properties of nanostructures materials,
method of synthesis of nanostructures materials.
Unit-V
Special experimental technique for characterisation of nanostructured
materials, Quantum size effect and its applications.
Text and Reference books.
1. X-ray crystallography : Azaroff
2. Elementary dislocation theory : Weertman &
Weertman
3. Crystallography for solid state physics : Verma
and Srivastava
4. Solid state Physics : Kittel
5. The powder method : Azaroff & Buerger
6. Crystal structure analysis : Buerger
7. Elementary solid state physics : Omar
8. The physics of quasicrystals : Editors. Steinhardt
and Ostulond
9. Handbook of Nanostructured materials
and Nanotechnology (Vol 1 to 4): Editor Hari Singh
Nalwa
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XIX (Special)
Electronics-II
Unit-I
Analog and digital system: Analog computation,
active filters, comparators, logarithmic and antilogarithmic amplifier,
sample and hold amplifier, wave form generators, square and triangular
wave generator, Pulse generator, read only memory (ROM)
and applications. Random access memory (RAM) and applications,
Digital to analogue converters, ladder and weighted register types,
analog to digital converters, counter types, successive approximations
and dual slop converters, application of DAC and ADC,
Unit-II
Opto-electronics: Phto-detectors with
external photo effect, photo-detector with internal photo effect,
photo-conductors and photo-resisters, junction photo-detector,
Curcuit with LED tester, polarity and voltage tester, measuring
instruments with LED indication,
LED, numeric and alpha numeric display unit, semiconductor switches
and potential isolation, the photo-transistor as a switch in the
opto-couplers, steady sate performance, dynamic performance, use
of opto-couplers,
Unit-III
Microwave devices: Klystrons, magnetrons, and traveling wave
tubes, velocity modulation, basic principle of two cavity klystrons
and reflex klystrons, principle of operation of magnetrons, Helix
traveling wave tubes, wave modes, transferred electron devices,
gunn effect, principle of operation, modes of operation, read
diode, IMPATT diode, TRAPATT diode.
Unit-IV
Microwave communication: Advantage and disadvantage of microwave
transmission, loss in free space propagation of microwaves, atmospheric
effect on propagation, Fresnel zone problem, ground refection,
fading sources, detector components, antennas used in microwave
communication systems.
Unit-V
Radar System: Radar block diagram
and operation, radar frequencies, pulse considerations, radar
range equation, derivation of radar range equation, minimum detectable
signal receive noise, signal to noise ratio, integration of radar
pulses, radar cross section, pulse repetition frequency, antenna
parameters, system losses and propagation losses, radar transmitters,
receivers, antennas, display.
Satellite communication: Satellite communication,
orbital satellite, geo-stationery satellite, orbital pattern,
look angles, orbital spacing, satellite systems, link modules.
Text and Reference Books.
1. Microelectronics : Jacob Millman (Mc-Graw Hill
Interna)
2. Optoelectronics: Theory and Practices: Edited by
Alien Chappal (Mc Graw Hill)
3. Microwaves: K.L. Gupta (Wiley Ester New Delhi)
4. Advanced electronics communication systems: Wayne
Tomasi (Phi Edn)
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XX (Special)
Atomic and Molecular Physics-Ii
Unit-I
Raman effect, Quantum theory, Molecular polarizibility, Pure rotational
Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, Vibration rotation Raman
spectrum of diatomic molecules.
Unit-II
Intensity alterations in Raman spectra of diatomic molecules.
Experimental setup for Raman spectroscopy, Application of IR and
Raman spectroscopy in the structure determination of simple molecules.
Unit-III
Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules, Born Oppenheimer approximation.
Vibrational coarse structure of electronic bands, Progression
and sequences, intensity of electronic bands.
Unit-IV
Franck Condon principle, Dissociation and pre dissociation, Dissociation
energy.
Unit-V
Rotational fine structure of electronic bands, Electronic structure
of diatomic
Text and Reference Books
- Introduction to Atomic Spectra- H.E. White
- Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy- C.B. Banwell
- Spectroscopy Vol. I,II and III, Walker and Straghen
- Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy- G.M. Barrow
- Spectra of diatomic molecules- Herzberg.
- Molecular spectroscopy- Jeanne L. McHale
- Molecular spectroscopy – J.M. Brown
- Spectra of Atoms and Molecules-P.F. Bemath
- Modern Spectroscopy- J.M. Holkas
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XXI (Special)
Nuclear and Particle Physics-II
Nuclear reaction and nuclear energy and Accelerators
Unit-I
Nuclear reactions: Elementary approach to potential scattering
theory – S-wave neutron scattering in the compound nuclear
reaction model – Derivation and discussion of Breit-Wigner
resonance formula – Single level single channel R-matrix
(R-function) theory – Statistical model of compound nucleus
reaction – Pre-equilibrium reactions – Discussion
of direct reactions
Unit-II
Ground state deuteron – Magnetic moment – Quadrupole
moment – S and D admixtures – Plane wave theory of
deuteron – Stripping in zero range approximation ––
Spectroscopic factor and determination of nuclear level properties,
Single nucleon transfer reactions – Features of medium and
low energy heavy – ion elastic scattering – Diffraction
model – Nuclear fission and extended liquid drop model.
Unit-III
Nuclear Energy: The fission process-Neutron released in the
fission process. Cross sections – The fission reactors –
Fusion – Thermonuclear reactions – Energy production
in stars.
Historical Developments: Different types of accelerators
– Layout and components of accelerators – Accelerator
applications, Hamiltonian for Particle motion in accelerators
– Hamiltonian in Frenet-Serret coordinate system –
Magnetic field in Frenet-Serret coordinate system. Equation of
betatron motion – Particle motion in dipole and quadrupole
magnets –
Unit-IV
Linear betatron motion: Transfer matrix and stability of betatron
motion – Courant - Snyder invariant and emittance.
Stability of betatron motion – Sympletic condition –
Effect of space – charge force on betatron motion.
Synchrotron Motion: Longitudinal equation of motion –
The synchrotron Hamiltonian – The synchrotron mapping equation
– Evolution phase space ellipse.
Unit-V
Linear Accelerators: Historical milestone – Fundamental
properties of accelerating structures – Particle acceleration
by EM waves – Longitudinal particle dynamics in Linac –
Transverse beam dynamic in a Linac.
Principle and Design Details of Accelerators: Basic principle
and design of accelerators viz. electrostatic, electrodynamics,
resonant with special emphasis on microtron, pelletron and cyclotron
– Syncrotron radiation sources – Spectrum of the emitted
radiation and their applications.
Text and Reference Books
- Satchler, Introduction to Nuclear Reactions
- H. A. Enge, Introduction to Nuclear Physics, Addison Wesley,
1975
- B. L. Cohen, Concepts of Nuclear Physics, Tata McGraw Hill,
New Delhi, 1978
- P. Marmier and E. Sheldon, Physics of Nuclei and Particle,
Vol. I & II Academic Press, 1969
- S. Y. Lee, Accelerator Physics, World Scientific, Singapore,
1999
- J. J. Livingood, Principles of Cyclic Particle Accelerators,
D. Van Nostrand Co., 1961
- J. P. Blewett, Particle Accelerators, McGraw-Hill Book Co.
- S. P. Kapitza and V. N. Melekhin, The Microtron, Harwood Academic
Publishers
- W. Scharf, Particle Accelerators and Their Uses, Harwood Academic
Publishers
- M. Kapchinsky, Theory of Resonance Linear Accelerators,
Harwood Academic Publishers
- P. Lapostole and A. Septier, Linear Accelerators, North Holland.
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XXII (Special)
Informatics-II
(Internet working technology)
Unit-I
Introduction to Unix and shell scripting. Conceptual framework
of computer language
Unit-II
Introduction to C/C++. Data types and operators, Statements and
control flow, Functions and programme structure, Strings,
Unit-III
The preprocessor, Pointers, Memory allocation, Input and output,
Sub program, Recursion, File access.
Object orientation concepts: classes, objects, methods and messages,
encapsulation and inheritance, interface and implementation, reuse
and extension of classes, inheritance and polymorphism; analysis
and design;
Unit-IV
Notations for object-oriented analysis and design; Case studies
and applications using some object oriented programming languages.
Unit-V
Introduction to web enabling technologies and authoring tools/languages
(webcasting, database, integration, CGI, pen, Java, HTML, C++,
etc.)
Text and Reference Books.
1. Object oriented systems development using unified
modeling language: Bahrami A. (McGraw Hill International)
2. Object oriented analysis and design with Applications
: G. Booch (Addison Wesley 2nd Edn)
3. Beginning object oriented analysis and design using
C++: Lesse Liberty (Wrox Press)
4. An introduction to object oriented programming:
Timpthy Budd (2nd Edn. Addison Wesley)
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XXIII (Special)
Materials Science-II
Unit-I
Film deposition techniques and processes: Introduction,
vacuum systems – Evaporation – Molecular beam epitaxy
– Sputter deposition – Chemical vapor deposition –
Laser ablation – Electroplating.
Unit-II
Solid state characterization techniques: X-ray diffraction
– Introduction – basic principles – experimental
considerations – applications, structure determination,
phase analysis, grain size analysis. Microscopic techniques
– SEM, AFM and STEM.
Thermal analysis – Principle and applications of
thermo-gravometric analysis – differential thermal analysis
– differential scanning calorimetry.
Unit-III
Spectroscopic techniques – Photoacoustic spectroscopy
– principle – instrumentation-applications.
Photoelectron spectroscopy – Instrumentation –
solid state surface studies – surface charging and calibration
problems – Valence energy level studies – UV photoelectron
spectra – X-ray photoelectron spectra – Auger electron
spectroscopy.
Special experimental techniques for characterization of nano-structure
materials.
Unit-IV
Disordered systems: Point defects, the geometry of dislocations,
surface imperfections, Burger vector, tensile stress, strain curve,
creep cure, plastic deformation by slip and twinning, shear strength
of perfect crystals.
Shallow impurity states in semiconductors, localized lattice vibration
states in solids, vacancies interstitials and color centers in
ionic crystals.
Unit-V
Disorder in condensed matter: substitutional positional and
topographical disorder, short and long-rage order, atomic correlation
function and structural description of glasses and liquids.
Andersons model for random system and electron localization, mobility
edge, qualitative application of the idea to the amorphous semiconductors
and hopping conduction.
Reference and Text Books:
- Vanvellak: Materials Science.
- V. Raghvan: Materials Science,
- D. Kingery : Introduction to ceramics.
- R.E. Reedhil: Physical metallurgy.
- Martin Start Sharger: Introductory materials.
- Sinnot: Solid state for engineers.
- Kelly and Groves: Crystal and defects.
- Kittel: Solid state physics, Vth edition.
- Introduction to solid state theory: Modelung
M. Sc. Physics (III Semester)
Paper-XXIV (Special)
X-Rays (Spectroscopy)-II
Unit-I
Chemical Effects in X-ray Spectra: Chemical effects in X-ray
spectra. White line, Chemical shifts of absorption edges
Unit-II
Fine structures (XANES and EXAFS) associated with the absorption
edges and their applications. X-ray spectroscopy with synchrotron
sources.
Unit-III
Soft X-ray spectroscopy of metals and alloys, Applications to
semiconductors and insulators
Unit-IV
Dispersion Theory: Dispersion theory applied to X-rays,
Calculation of the dielectric constant, Significance of the complex
dielectric constant.
Unit-V
Refraction of X-rays, Methods for measurement of refractive index.
X-ray optics and X-ray microscopy. Design of beam lines for synchrotron
applications.
Reference and Text Books:
Same as for paper-I ( XVII)