Unit-II
Theoretical techniques and their applications to biomolecules:
Hard sphere approximations, Ramachandran plots, Potential
energy surfaces, outlines of molecular mechanics methods, brief ideas
about semi-empirical and ab-intio quantum theoretical method.
Unit-III
Molecular charge distribution, molecular electrostatic potentials
and fields and their uses.
Spectroscopic techniques and their applications to biomolecules:
Use of NMR in elucidation of molecular structure, absorption
and fluorescence spectroscopy,
Unit-IV
Circular-dichroism laser Raman spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, photo-acoustic
spectroscopy, photo-biological aspects of nucleic acid.
Unit-V
Structure function relationship and modeling: Molecular recognition,
hydrogen bonding, Lipophilic pockets on receptors, drugs and their
principles of action, lock and key model and induced fit model.
Text Book and References
1.
Structural aspects of biomolecules : Srinivasan and Pattabhi
2. Conformation of biological molecules : Govil &
Hosur
3. Basic molecular biology : Price
4. Quantum mechanics of biological molecules : Pullman
5. Biological chemistry : Mehar & Cordes
6. Molecular photobiology : Smith and Hanawalt
M.
Sc. Physics (IV Semester)
Paper-XXXIII (Elective)
Diagram techniques
Unit-I
Formalism of second quantization: Quantum mechanical many body
problem, Boson and Fermion systems, Creation and annihilation operators,
Commutation relations, Vacuum state, The Hamiltonian in terms of creation
and annihilation operators and its matrix elements for the simple
cases of one- and two particle systems.
Unit-II
Time Dependent Operators: Schrodinger, Heisenberg and Interaction
picture, Time development operator (TDO), its properties and equation
of motion, The integral equation for TDO and formal solution by iterative
method, Dyson chronological operator, S-matrix expansion, Universality
of S-Matrix Transition matrix, The adiabatic hypothesis and correspondence
with usual perturbation theory.
Unit-III
ical Analysis : Sastry
2. Numerical Analysis: Rajaraman
3. Fortran programming: Rajaraman
4. Press and Flannery: Numerical Recipes: Vetterming,
Teukolsky
M.
Sc. Physics (IV Semester)
Paper-XXVI (Elective)
Quantum electrodynamics
Unit-I
Dirac equation, Properties of.Dirac Matrices, Projection operators.
Unit-II
Traces, Feynman’s theory of positron.
Unit-III
Second unitization of Klein-Gorden Field, Creation and annihilation
operators Commutation relation, Fock space representation, Interacting
fields.
Unit-IV
Dirac (Interaction) picture, S-matrix and its expansion, Ordering
theorem
Unit-V
Feynman’s graph and Feynman’s rule. Application to some
problems like Rutherford scattering and Compton scattering, Calculation
of cross section using v graphs.
Text and reference Books.
Bjoken and Drell: Relativistic quantum field
Muirhead: The physics of elementary particles
Schweber, Bethe and Hoffmann: Mesons and field
Sakurai: Advance quantum mechanics
Mandal: Introduction to field theory
Lee: Particle physics and introduction to field theory.
M.
Sc. Physics (IV Semester)
Paper-XXVII (Elective)
Physics of Liquid Crystals
Unit-I
Classification of liquid crystals: Symmetry structure and classification
of liquid crystal, Polymorphism in thermotropics, Reentrant phenomenon
in liquid crystals, Blue phases, polymer liquid crystals, distribution
functions and other parameters, Macroscopic and microscopic order
parameters, Measurement of order parameters, magnetic resonance, electron
spin resonance, Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction.
Unit-II
Theories
of liquid crystalline phase transition: Nature of phase transitions
and critical phenomenon in liquid crystals, Hard particle, Maier-Saupe
and Van der wWalls theories for nematic –isotropic and nematic
smectic A transitions Landau theory, Essential ingredients applications
to nematic isotropic nematic smectic A transitions and transitions
involving smectic phases.
Unit-III
Continuum
theory: Curvature elasticity in nematic smectic A phases, Distortions
due to magnetic and electric fields, Magnetic coherence length, Freedeicksz
transitions, Field induced cholesteric nematic transition
Unit-IV
Dynamical properties of Nematic: The equations of nemato-dynamics,
laminar flow,
Molecular motions, Optical properties of cholesterics, Optical properties
of ideal
helices, Agent influencing the pitch, Liquid crystal display.
Unit-V
Ferroelectric Liquid crystals: The properties of smectic C continuum
description
smectic C- smectic A transition applications.
Discotic Liquid crystals: Symmetry and structure, mean field description
of discotic
liquid crystals, continuum description, Lyotropic liquid crystals
and biologica
l membrane. Applications of liquid crystals.
Text and Reference Books
Liquid crystal : Chandrasekhar
Thermotropic liquid crystals: Fundamentals : Vertogen and de Jeu
The physics of liquid crystals : de Gennes & Prost
Introduction to liquid crystals: Physics and Chemistry.: Taylor and Francis
The optics of thermotropic liquid crystal :Elston & Sambles
Liquid crystal polymers: from structures to applications:Collyer
Ferroelectric liquid crystals: Principle properties and Applications: Gooby et al
M.
Sc. Physics (IV Semester)
Paper-XXVIII (Elective)
Science and Technology of Solar Hydrogen and
Other Renewable Energies.
Solar Energy
Unit-I
Fundamentals
of photovoltaic energy conversion, Physics and materials properties,
basic to photovoltaic energy conversion, Optical properties of solids,
Direct and indirect transition semiconductors, interrelationship between
absorption coefficients and band gap recombination of carriers.
Unit-II
Types
of solar cells, p-n junction solar cell, transport equation, current
density, open circuit voltage and short circuit current, Brief description
of single crystal silicon and amorphous silicon solar cells, Nature
of semiconductor, Electrolyte junction, Principles of Photo-electrochemical
solar cells.
Hydrogen energy
Unit-III
Relevance
in relation to depletion of fossil fuels and environmental considerations.
Hydrogen Production: Solar hydrogen through Photo-electrolysis and
Photo-catalytic process. Physics and materials characteristics for
production of solar hydrogen.
Unit-IV
Storage of Hydrogen: Brief discussion of various storage processes,
special features of solid-state hydrogen storage materials, structural
and electronic characteristics of storage materials, New storage modes.
Unit-V
Safety
and Utilization of Hydrogen: Various factors relevant to safety,
use of Hydrogen as fuel, Use in vehicular transport, hydrogen for
electricity generation, Fuel cells, Elementary concept of other hydrogen
based devices such as sir conditioners and hybrid batteries.
Text and Reference Books
Solar cell Devices-Physics: Fonash
Fundamentals of solar cells photovoltaic solar energy: Fahrenbruch & Bube
Photo-electrochemical solar cells: Chandra
Hydrogen as an energy carrier technologies Systems economy: Winter & Nitch
M.
Sc. Physics (IV Semester)
Paper-XXIX (Elective)
Reactor Physics
Unit-I
Interaction
of Neutron with Matter in Bulk: Transport and diffusion equations,
transport mean free path, Solution of diffusion equation for a point
source in an infinite medium and for an infinite plane source in a
finite medium, extrapolation length and diffusion length- the albedo
concept.
Unit-II
Moderation
of Neutron: Mechanics of elastic scattering, average logarithmic
energy decrement, slowing down power and moderating ratio of a medium
Fermi’s age theory, solution of age equation for a point source
of fast neutrons in an infinite medium, slowing down length, Fermi
age.
Unit-III
Theory
of Homogeneous Bare Thermal Reactor: Critical equation, material
and geometric bucklings, Neutron balance in a thermal reactor, four
factor formula, typical calculations of critical size and composition
in simple cases.
Unit-IV
Heterogeneous
Natural Uranium Reactors: Advantages and disadvantages of heterogeneous
assemblies, various types of reactors and a brief discussion of their
design features.
Unit-V
Problems
of reactor control and maintenance: Role of delayed neutrons,
inhour formula, temperature effects, fission product poisoning, use
of coolants and control rods.
Power reactors: Fast breeder reactor, dual-purpose
reactors, concept of fusion reactors.
Text and Reference Books
Glasston & Edlund: The Elements of Nuclear Reactor theory
Murry: Introductions of nuclear Engineering.
M.
Sc. Physics (IV Semester)
Paper-XXX (Elective)
Numerical Methods and Programming
Numerical Methods
Unit-I
Methods for determination of zeros of linear and non-linear algebraic
equations and transcendental equations, Convergence of solutions,
Solution of simultaneous linear equation, Gaussian elimination, Pivoting
iterative method.
Unit-II
Matrix
inversion, eigen values and Eigen vectors of matrices and Power and
Jacobi method. Finite differences, interpolation with equally spaced
and unevenly space points.
Unit-III
Curve
fitting polynomial least squares and cubic Spline fitting. Numerical
differentiation and integration, Newton-Cotes formulae, error estimates,
Gauss method.
Unit-IV
Random
variate, Monte-Carlo evaluation of integrals, Method of important
sampling, Random walk and Metropolis method, Numerical solution of
ordinary differential equations, Euler and Range Kutta methods, Predictor
and correctors method, elementary ideas of solutions of partial differential
equations.
Programming
Unit-V
Digital
computer principle, Compilers, Interpreters, Operating systems, C/C++
Programming,
Flow charts, Integers and Floating point arithmetic, Expressions,
Built in function, executable
and non-executable statements, assignment, control and input-output
elements, subroutines
and functions, Operation with files.
Text and reference Books.
Sastry, Introductory method of Numerical analysis
Rajaraman: Numerical analysis
Vettrming, Teukolsky, Press and Flannery: Numerical Recipes.
M.
Sc. Physics (IV Semester)
Paper-XXXI (Elective)
Physics of Laser and Laser Application Laser
system
Unit-I
Laser
characteristics: Gaussian beam and its properties, Stable two
minor optical resonators, Longitudinal and transverse modes of laser
cavity, Mode selection, Gain in the regenerative laser cavity.
Unit-II
Threshold
for 3 and 4 levels laser systems, mode locking pulse shortening pico-second
and femto-second operations, Spectral narrowing and stabilization
Unit-III
Ruby
laser, Nd-YAG Laser, Semiconductor lasers, Diode pump solid state
lasers, Nitrogen laser, Carbon dioxide laser, Excimer laser, Dye laser,
high power laser systems.Laser spectroscopic techniques and other
applications
Unit-IV
Laser fluorescence and Raman scattering and their use in pollution
studies, non-linear interaction of light with matter, Laser induced
multi-photon processes and their applications.
Unit-V
Ultra high resolution spectroscopy with lasers and its applications,
Propagation of light in a medium with variable refractive index, optical
fibers, light wave communication, qualitative of medical and engineering
applications of lasers.
Text Book and References
1.
Laser: Svelto
2. Optical electronics: Wariv
3. Laser spectroscopy: Demtroder
4. Non-linear spectroscopy: Etekhov
M.
Sc. Physics (IV Semester)
Paper-XXXII (Elective)
Structures, SPECTRA and Properties of Biomolecules
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